11. Which of the following helps to obtain the number of bits to be used to quantize each pixel.
A. Gray-level slicing
B. Contrast stretching
C. Contouring
D. Bit-plane slicing
Answer: D
Bits-plane slicing helps in obtaining the importance played by each bit in the image by separating the image into bit-planes.
12. What is the output of a smoothing, linear spatial filter?
A. Median of pixels
B. Maximum of pixels
C. Minimum of pixels
D. Average of pixels
Answer: D
The output or response of smoothing, the linear spatial filter is simply the average of the pixels contained in the neighborhood of the filter mask.
13. Smoothing linear filter is also known as a median filter.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Since the smoothing spatial filter performs the average of the pixels, it is also called an averaging filter.
14. Which of the following in an image can be removed by using a smoothing filter?
A. Smooth transitions of gray levels
B. Smooth transitions of brightness levels
C. Sharp transitions of gray levels
D. Sharp transitions of brightness levels
Answer: C
The smoothing filter replaces the value of every pixel in an image with the average value of the gray levels. So, this helps in removing the sharp transitions in the gray levels between the pixels. This is done because random noise typically consists of sharp transitions in gray levels.
15. Which of the following is the disadvantage of using a smoothing filter?
A. Blur edges
B. Blur inner pixels
C. Remove sharp transitions
D. Sharp edges
Answer: A
Edges, which almost always are desirable features of an image, also are characterized by sharp transitions in gray levels. So, averaging filters have an undesirable side effect that they blur these edges.
16. Smoothing spatial filters doesn’t smooth the false contours.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
One of the applications of smoothing spatial filters is that they help in smoothing the false contours that result from using an insufficient number of gray levels.
17. The mask shown in the figure below belongs to which type of filter?
A. Sharpening spatial filter
B. Median filter
C. Sharpening frequency filter
D. Smoothing spatial filter
Answer: D
This is a smoothing spatial filter. This mask yields a so-called weighted average, which means that different pixels are multiplied with different coefficient values. This helps in giving much importance to some pixels at the expense of others.
18. The mask shown in the figure below belongs to which type of filter?
A. Sharpening spatial filter
B. Median filter
C. Smoothing spatial filter
D. Sharpening frequency filter
Answer: C
The mask shown in the figure represents a 3×3 smoothing filter. The use of this filter yields the standard average of the pixels under the mask.
19. Box filter is a type of smoothing filter.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
A spatial averaging filter or spatial smoothening filter in which all the coefficients are equal is also called a box filter.
20. If the size of the averaging filter used to smooth the original image to the first image is 9, then what would be the size of the averaging filter used in smoothing the same original picture to the second in the second image?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 9
D. 15
Answer: D
We know that as the size of the filter used in smoothening the original image that is averaging filter increases then the blurring of the image. Since the second image is more blurred than the first image, the window size should be more than 9.
21. Which of the following comes under the application of image blurring?
A. Object detection
B. Gross representation
C. Object motion
D. Image segmentation
Answer: B
An important application of spatial averaging is to blur an image to get a gross representation of interesting objects, such that the intensity of the small objects blends with the background and large objects become easy to detect.
22. Which of the following filter’s responses is based on the ranking of pixels?
A. Nonlinear smoothing filters
B. Linear smoothing filters
C. Sharpening filters
D. Geometric mean filter
Answer: A
Order static filters are nonlinear smoothing spatial filters whose response is based on the ordering or ranking of the pixels contained in the image area encompassed by the filter, and then replace the value of the central pixel with the value determined by the ranking result.
23. Median filter belongs to which category of filters?
A. Linear spatial filter
B. Frequency domain filter
C. Order static filter
D. Sharpening filter
Answer: C
The median filter belongs to order static filters, which, as the name implies, replaces the value of the pixel by the median of the grey levels that are present in the neighborhood of the pixels.
24. Median filters are effective in the presence of impulse noise.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Median filters are used to remove impulse noises, also called salt-and-pepper noise because of their appearance as white and black dots in the image.
25. What is the maximum area of the cluster that can be eliminated by using an n×n median filter?
A. n2
B. n2/2
C. 2*n2
D. n
Answer: B
Isolated clusters of pixels that are light or dark with respect to their neighbors, and whose area is less than n2/2, i.e., half the area of the filter, can be eliminated by using an n×n median filter.
