SSC JE Electrical Transformer Questions Solved (2009 – 2018) | MES Electrical

Ques.11.A three-phase power transformer is provided with star-delta connections. In order to protect against fault, connection for current transformer should be in (SSC 2010)

  1.  Star-star
  2. Delta-star
  3. Delta-delta
  4. Star-delta

Answer.2. Delta-star

Explanation

The currents on the two sides of a 3-phase transformer, in general, differ in both magnitude and phase. The CT connection must compensate for these differences, as a percentage relay must compare currents which, under normal conditions, are identical (in magnitude and phase). In star/star or delta/delta transformers, the currents on the two sides have the same phase angle, the three CTs on both sides are, therefore, identically connected (star or delta) and an appropriate choice of CT ratios would be sufficient for magnitude equalization.

In the case of a star/delta transformer, the currents on the two sides also differ in phase by 30°. This is compensated by connecting CTs in Delta on the star side, and in the star on the delta side of the transformer

 

Ques.12. In a transformer, the core loss is found to be 46 W at 50 Hz and is 80 W at 70 Hz, both losses being measured at the same peak flux density. The hysteresis loss and eddy current loss at 60 Hz is (SSC 2011)

  1. 11 W, 20 W
  2.  30 W, 45 W
  3. 16 W, 30 W
  4. 22 W, 40 W

Answer.4. 22 W, 40 W

Explanation

Core loss = Eddy current loss + Hysteresis loss

= Kef2 + Kcf

At 50 Hz, Pc = 46 watt

46 =  Ke (50)2 + Kh x 50……….  1

At 70 Hz, Pc = 80 watt

70 =  Ke (70)2 + Kh x 70…………… 2

From equation (1) and (2),

Ke = 0.0111

Kh = 0.363

Now at 60 Hz,

Pe = Ke x 602

= 0.0111 x 3600 = 39.96 ≅ 40 Watt

Ph = 0.36306 x 60

= 21.78≅ 22 Watt

 

Ques.13.  A 100 kVA single phase transformer exhibits maximum efficiency at 80% of full load and the total loss in the transform under this condition is 1000 W. The ohmic losses at full load will be (SSC 2011)

  1.  781.25 watt
  2. 1250 watt
  3. 1562.5 watt
  4. 12500 watt

Answer.1. 781.25 watt

Explanation

At maximum efficiency

Core loss = Copper loss

i.e Pc = Pcu

Total loss = Pc + Pcu = 1000 watt

Pcu = 500 watt

Copper loss = X2  x Copper loss at full load

Where

X stands for loading condition of the transformer

at 80% of the full load then Pcu at full load

Pcu = 500/0.82 = 781.25 watt

 

Ques.14. A 40 kVA transformer has a core loss of 400 W and full load copper loss of 800 W. The fraction of rated load at maximum efficiency is (SSC 2011)

  1. 50%
  2. 62.3%
  3. 70.7%
  4. 100%

Answer.3. 70.7%

Explanation

Pi = iron loss(core loss) = 400 Watt,

Pc = 800 Watt(copper loss),

Maximum efficiency occurs at fraction x of full load such that

x = √(Pi ⁄ Pc) = √(400/800)

=0.707 x 100 = 70.7 %

 

Ques.15. In a 1-phase transformer, the copper loss at full load is 600 watts. Half of the full load the copper loss will be (SSC 2012)

  1. 150 watts
  2. 75 watts
  3. 600 watts
  4. 300 watts

Answer.1. 150 watts

Explanation

Copper loss is proportional to the square of load current. At half load, load current becomes half as voltage remains the same, so the copper loss will become (1/2)2 i.e 1/4 times of full load copper loss.

So (Pcu)full load = 600 watts

(Pcu) half load = 600/4 = 150 watts

 

Ques.16.  In an auto-transformer, the number of turns in the primary winding is 210 and in the secondary winding is 140. If the input current is 60 A, the current in output and in common winding are respectively. (SSC 2012)

  1. 40A, 20A
  2. 40A, 100 A
  3. 90A, 30 A
  4. 90A, 150A

Answer.3. 90A, 30 A

Explanation

The auto-transformer ratio is given as

I1/I2 = N2/N1

60/I2 = 140/210

I2 = 90A

Current in common Winding Ic

Ic = (N2 – N1)I1/N2

=  60 x (210 – 140)/140

= 30 A

 

Ques.17. A 3-phase transformer has its primary connected in delta and secondary in star. Secondary to primary
turns ratio per phase is 6. For a primary voltage of 200 V, the secondary voltage would be (SSC 2012)

  1. 2078 V
  2. 693 V
  3. 1200 V
  4. 58 V

Answer.1. 2078 V

Explanation

Transformer ratio is given by

N1/N2 = V1/V2

0r

N2/N1 = V2/V1
6/1 = V2/200
V2 = 1200 volt per phase

For star connection line voltage is

VL = √3 x 1200 = 2078.46 V

 

Ques.18. The iron loss in a 100 KVA transformer is 1 KW and full load copper losses are 2 KW. The maximum efficiency occurs at a load of (SSC 2012)

  1. 100 KVA
  2. 70.7 KVA
  3. 141.4 KVA
  4. 50 KVA

Answer.2. 70.7 KVA

Explanation

Full load KVA = 100 KVA

Iron loss = 1 KW

Copper Loss = 2 KW

The kVA loading corresponding to maximum efficiency

17

 

Ques.19. The iron loss per unit frequency in a ferromagnetic core, when plotted against frequency, is a (SSC 2012)

  1.  Constant
  2. A straight line with a positive slope
  3.  Straight-line with a negative slope
  4.  Parabola

Answer.2. A straight line with a positive slope

Explanation

Both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss give rise to heat in a magnetic circuit. The two losses are usually taken together and are called ‘iron loss’.

Pi = PE + PH

Pi = f2B2max + f B1.6max

Iron losses thus vary with both frequency and magnetic flux density. The power transformer is likely to be fed at the constant frequency and at the constant voltage, which means that magnetic flux density is almost constant. Thus iron losses in a transformer are constant from no load to full load.

 

Ques.20. The following graph shows the loss characteristics of a sheet of ferromagnetic material against varying frequency f. Pi is the iron loss at frequency f, Hysteresis and eddy current losses of the sheet at 100 Hz are (SSC 2012)

numerical 91 1

  1. 10 W, 100 W
  2. 10 W, 50 W
  3. 1 W, 5 W
  4. 1 W, 10 W

Answer.4. 1 W, 10 W

Explanation

Iron loss is given as

Pi = Pe + Ph

Pi = Kef2 + Khf

Pi/f = Kef + Kh

where Kh = 0.01

Ke = 0.001

Ph = Khf = 0.01 x 100 = 1W

Pe = Kef2 = 0.001 x (100)2 = 10W

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